In today's era, ecological environment protection and the construction of a beautiful China have become important issues related to national economy, people's livelihood, and the long-term development of the Chinese nation. At the "Promoting High Quality Development" series of themed press conferences held by the State Council Information Office on the 25th, relevant officials from the Ministry of Ecology and Environment provided detailed and constructive responses to many hot issues of public concern, outlining a clear blueprint for comprehensively promoting the construction of a beautiful China and pointing out the direction of progress in key areas such as atmospheric and aquatic ecological environment governance, and digital transformation of ecological environment monitoring.
Comprehensively promoting the construction of a beautiful China: systematic planning and step-by-step implementation
The release of the "Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Comprehensively Promoting the Construction of a Beautiful China" has set the overall tone for the construction of a beautiful China. Minister of Ecology and Environment Huang Runqiu vividly summarized Beautiful China as "beautiful on the outside, beautiful on the inside, and with a good temperament", which refers to the three core dimensions of beautiful ecological environment, high-quality development, and excellent institutional mechanisms, clearly interpreting the rich connotation of building a Beautiful China.
The present and the next decade are crucial periods for comprehensively promoting the construction of a beautiful China. The Ministry of Ecology and Environment shoulders a heavy responsibility and will continue to steadily advance this work through a series of solid measures.
One is to build a "1+1+N" implementation system, which is a solid framework for the construction of a beautiful China. Two "1" respectively represent the opinions on comprehensively promoting the construction of a beautiful China that have been issued by the Party Central Committee and the State Council, as well as the implementation opinions on the construction of a beautiful China pilot zone that will be issued soon. They provide direction guidance for the construction work from a macro level. The 24 sub action plans covered by "N", including beautiful cities, beautiful villages, green finance, green transportation, and technological support, are like screws that will refine and implement various tasks for building a beautiful China from each specific field, ensuring that the construction work is carried out comprehensively and deeply.
Secondly, launching a batch of landmark reform achievements is a key focus in the construction process. For example, issuing opinions on strengthening ecological environment zoning control can enable different regions to carry out precise environmental management based on their own ecological characteristics; Deepening the reform of the monitoring, supervision, and law enforcement system for ecological environment institutions below the provincial level will help improve the efficiency and professionalism of grassroots environmental supervision; Steadily expanding the coverage of the national carbon market industry is based on economic means, encouraging various industries to actively participate in green and low-carbon transformation, and jointly contribute to the construction of a beautiful China.
Thirdly, cultivate a series of practical demonstration models and explore effective paths for realizing the value of ecological products through the continuous implementation of innovative pilot projects such as zero waste cities and low-carbon cities. These models are like a spark that can start a prairie fire, providing successful experiences for other regions to learn from and replicate, and guiding more places to embark on a virtuous path of ecological and economic coordinated development.
Fourthly, implement a package of support and guarantee measures, establish a performance evaluation system for the construction of a beautiful China, and use a scientific and reasonable evaluation mechanism to urge all regions and departments to actively implement construction tasks. At the same time, we will use a combination of rule of law, market, technology, and policy to provide comprehensive support for the construction of a beautiful China from different perspectives, ensuring that all work has legal basis, effective market mechanisms, strong technological support, and precise policy support.
Huang Runqiu emphasized that the construction of a beautiful China needs to be systematically promoted in stages, steps, and in a planned manner, to achieve orderly development in the deepening of the 14th Five Year Plan, consolidation and expansion in the 15th Five Year Plan, and overall improvement in the 16th Five Year Plan. Step by step, we will move towards the goals of beautiful ecological environment, high-quality development, and excellent institutional mechanisms.
Continuously fighting the battle to defend the blue sky: taking multiple measures and exerting precise force
The achievements of the "Blue Sky Defense Campaign" in recent years are evident, but Zhao Yingmin, Deputy Minister of Ecology and Environment, also pointed out that there are still significant challenges to achieving the goal of reducing the national PM2.5 concentration to below 25 micrograms per cubic meter by 2035. As China's air pollution control enters the deep water zone, future work needs to rely more on the green and low-carbon transformation of industry, energy, and transportation structure, and work together to promote carbon reduction, pollution reduction, green expansion, and growth, in order to address air pollution issues from multiple dimensions and all aspects.
In terms of precise pollution control, we need to highlight key areas and increase efforts in structural optimization and adjustment. High quality promotion of ultra-low emission transformation in industries such as steel, cement, and coking, promoting the green upgrading of these traditional high polluting industries and reducing pollutant emissions; Promote the shutdown and integration of coal-fired boilers, as well as the replacement of clean energy in industrial furnaces, to reduce pollution from the source of energy; Accelerate the promotion of new energy vehicles, optimize transportation structure, reduce the impact of exhaust emissions on the atmospheric environment, and achieve synergistic efficiency in reducing pollution and carbon emissions through these measures, accurately targeting air pollution sources.
Scientific pollution control is equally crucial, with key areas as the main battlefield, closely focusing on reducing PM2.5 concentration, and making reducing heavy pollution weather a key goal. Vigorously promote the reduction of nitrogen oxides and volatile organic pollutants, as these two types of pollutants are key factors in the formation of ozone pollution and heavy pollution weather. By synergistically controlling ozone pollution, we can comprehensively improve the quality of the atmospheric environment and safeguard blue skies and white clouds.
Rule of law pollution control is the cornerstone of ensuring the smooth implementation of air pollution control work. Further improve the legal and regulatory standard system, so that environmental supervision has a legal basis and rules to follow; We will deepen the management of pollutant discharge permits, strictly supervise and govern in accordance with the law, implement the "one enterprise, one policy" policy, develop personalized pollution control plans based on the actual situation of each enterprise, and resolutely oppose the simple and crude approach of "one size fits all" to ensure that air pollution control work is both strictly standardized and scientifically reasonable.
Stable improvement of water ecological environment quality: overall planning and comprehensive governance
The protection of Rivers and Lakes is closely related to the well-being of the people and the long-term development of the Chinese nation. Guo Fang, Deputy Minister of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, pointed out that through the continuous promotion of the battle to defend blue water, China's water ecological environment protection has undergone significant turning points. By 2023, the proportion of excellent surface water quality sections in the country will reach 89.4%, exceeding the "14th Five Year Plan" target by 4.4 percentage points, achieving remarkable results, but still needs to be continuously consolidated and improved.
In terms of water environment governance, the key to continuously deepening work is to firmly grasp the "bull's nose" of investigating and rectifying the discharge outlets into rivers. Through a comprehensive investigation and rectification of the discharge outlets into the river, various pollution sources on the shore can be effectively controlled from point to area. Up to now, a total of 560000 kilometers of river and lake shorelines have been inspected, and nearly 200000 problems of direct and irregular sewage discharge have been successfully solved. Water pollution has been contained from the source, laying a solid foundation for improving the water ecological environment.
The work of water ecological protection and restoration is also steadily advancing. Since the 14th Five Year Plan, China has carried out monitoring and investigation of water ecological conditions in seven major river basins across the country, with a particular focus on the Yangtze River Basin. A pilot assessment of water ecology has been carried out, and an indicator system centered on the health of water ecosystems has been established to guide local governments to increase investment in the protection and restoration of water ecology, promoting the gradual restoration of vitality and vigor of water ecosystems.
The guarantee of ecological water use cannot be ignored. By issuing key watershed water ecological environment protection plans, clarifying the ecological flow guarantee goals of key rivers and lakes, strengthening the unified supervision of watershed ecological environment, and effectively solving prominent problems such as river drying up and wetland shrinkage, we ensure that rivers and lakes have sufficient ecological water volume and maintain the normal operation of aquatic ecosystems.
At the same time, the reform of watershed management continues to deepen, and the cross provincial watershed horizontal ecological protection compensation mechanism is improved, fully mobilizing the enthusiasm of upstream and downstream coordinated protection in the watershed, breaking down regional boundaries, and forming a good situation of upstream and downstream jointly safeguarding the water ecological environment.
Guo Fang stated that in the future, we will take the construction of beautiful rivers and lakes as an important focus, strengthen the overall management of water resources, water environment, and water ecology, urge local governments to make up for the outstanding shortcomings of environmental infrastructure, promote the construction of an integrated ecological environment governance system for important river basins, and stabilize and improve the quality of water ecological environment as a whole, making every river and lake a beautiful scenery in the construction of a beautiful China.
Promoting the digital transformation of ecological environment monitoring: technological empowerment, precise support
Ecological environment monitoring, as the "eyes" and "ears" of ecological environment protection, plays a crucial supporting role. Dong Baotong, Deputy Minister of Ecology and Environment and Director of the National Nuclear Safety Administration, introduced that China has established the world's largest, most complete, and technologically advanced ecological environment monitoring network.
From the perspective of network scale, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment directly organizes monitoring of 33000 sites, which is remarkable for its wide coverage, covering all prefecture level and above cities, key river basins, and jurisdictional sea areas, like a fine network that comprehensively captures information on changes in the ecological environment.
In terms of monitoring elements, in addition to traditional key monitoring contents such as water, gas, and soil, ecological quality monitoring, biodiversity monitoring, greenhouse gas monitoring, and new pollutant monitoring have also been added in line with the times, basically achieving full coverage of ecological environment monitoring elements and enabling a more comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the overall situation of the ecological environment.
The progress in technological means is even more significant, and automated monitoring has become the mainstream method. High tech equipment such as drones, aerial vehicles, and LiDAR have become the "standard" for monitoring stations in various regions. With their efficient, accurate, and real-time monitoring capabilities, they greatly improve the efficiency and accuracy of monitoring work.
Dong Baotong emphasized that the next step is to focus on promoting the modernization of the ecological environment monitoring system, further improving the integrated monitoring network of sky, earth, and sea, and making it more rigorous and efficient. At the same time, we must crack down on and curb data fraud in accordance with the law to ensure the authenticity and reliability of monitoring data. Strengthen the integration, fusion, and intelligent analysis of monitoring data, so that these data can provide more accurate decision-making basis for pollution prevention and control, and help China's ecological environment protection work to be carried out more scientifically and efficiently.
In short, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment has clear ideas and solid measures in various key aspects of building a beautiful China. Through the collaborative efforts of all parties, China's ecological environment protection and the construction of a beautiful China will continue to make new breakthroughs and steadily move towards the beautiful vision of harmonious coexistence between humans and nature.
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